Why content strategy matters
(and size doesn’t)

May 7th, 2009 Comments

For the last couple of months, I’ve been watching a wave of discussions about content strategy bubble up in blogs, white papers, and tweets. Some of the chatter is very impressive, capturing the arc of something not quite there yet, like marble in a quarry: some wants to be art, some wants to be bathroom tile. By and large, it’s a very smart, very self-conscious discussion by some very smart, very self-conscious people about what it means to be very smart, very self-conscious (and hopefully, very employed) content professionals in the age of the distributed web.

What’s that you say? Who needs content professionals in a distributed environment? It’s time to say bye-bye to editors? The era of the amateur is nigh?

Not so fast, say content strategists. First, who you callin an editor. Second, who the hell do you think is minding all that content? And third: we’ve got a distinctive competence that not only makes your content—which is, let’s face it, the face of your firm—shine: we’re the difference between competitive success or failure in the Googleplex. Every company, say the content strategists, has a content strategy, but only the ones that know it can turn on the Googlejuice. Whether they like it or not, pay for it or not, CS is a distinctive competence all its own and a source of competitive advantage no company can do without.

Good pitch. Logic? Er, not so much

That’s a good pitch, but I’m not sure how well it holds up. Is the argument that content strategy is a functional competence every agency, airline, bank, media company has to have (like accountants)? Or is it that CS is a necessary ingredient of a company’s distinctive competence, positioning, competitive advantage?

People in the tiny CS community have been all over on this. You could see the hairs stand up on a lot of CS necks when Campbell-Ewald’s brill Chris Moritz softballed a tweet about the difference between content strategy big or small a week or two ago. Some worried Moritz was being a splitist, trying to separate those who do little CS—the meat and potatoes of content inventories, taxonomies, editorial calendars, style books, integrated into UI—from the bigger strategic issues of messaging and competitive differentiation. (Moritz says he was just pointing out that it’d be a tragedy if CS fell into the same trap as IA where you’re defined by the deliverables.)

Most CSers seemed to reject the whole idea of big and little, strategic and tactical: If you have a CS job, count your blessings, big, little or anywhere in between. Some don’t want to make the big/little split because CS itself is nowhere yet recognized as a functional necessity, especially in a recession. Eat Media’s Ian Alexander asked whether CS would ever be anything more than a rounding error in a client budget. IA/UX: OK but if a CS tree falls in the forest, no one will hear it (much less pay for it.) Another CS brain, Jeff Macintyre, takes a resolutely big tent approach, pointing out that CS has one meaning in an agency context (where it’s about the deliverables: content audits, gap analysis, taxonomy and tagging, and style guides) and another in the rest of contentworld, whether marketing- or editorially-based. Why split, he says. The whole point of this evolving discipline is its fludity.

Size doesn’t matter. Really.

Well that’s what they say. You may know different:)

But to me it seems obvious that sometimes a cigar is just a cigar: both CS big and little are bubbling out of the same tap: It’s all about XML (or its many siblings such as DITA, SGML, etc.) surrounding content in the distributed search network of Googleland.

As far as I can see, this is the real differentiator between CS and most other content work: Unlike traditional editorial work, content strategy isn’t steeped in grand narratives so much as in bits, in data. “CS big” isn’t custom publishing (although there are definitely narrative and brand strategies one wants to be aware of). And “CS little” isn’t just those deliverables: content without context, from the container to the brand, is all essential if you want to sell in the Googlesphere.

WARNING: Technical language ahead

Another way of saying this: content strategy pushes authorial voice and traditional marketing monologues to the side in favor of taxonomical narratives that assist users in connecting their own dots, driving their own containers. (Don’t forget that the Latin root of content is contentere from “to be contained.”)

Let me repeat those two very odd sounding words together: “taxonimical narratives.” This is, I think, the big innovation of CS, and why firms that are pursuing it are on the right track and firms that are ignoring it are likely to lose their edge.

The way I see it, CS isn’t about big vs little, or strategy vs tactics so much as it’s about the sinking power of traditional brand narrative and the rise of data driven content. CS is about mastering the tiny—the power of data, contained and defined in those XML containers to bubble up via SEO and SEMin the realm of the massive. As destination websites and traditional brand marketing give way to the artful arrangement and deployment of billions of nuggets of containerized info that can be reused, recycled, retweeted, reblogged, and otherwise recirculated in the vast data anarchy of the Googleplex, content strategy is the only measured response marketers and media companies have to get their stuff out there.

That’s why traditional brand marketing is getting eaten up by search. And why CS little without CS big could just as easily be done by information architects. And (paradoxically) why CS big without CS little is usually just another name for digital custom publishing or other traditionally brand narratives.

So if you want to know why CS matters and why it matters now, it’s because without it, you don’t have a shot at playing the Google game. And that’s where real competitive advantage—and media innovation—is today, whether your company is as big as The New York Times or as tiny as a blog.

Either way, size seems to matter less, frequency (of bit circulation) more. Just do it.

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  • David Warner
    Your analysis is Impeccable and on that matter, a new company emerged that has got huge data / information on the top 10,000 industries, covering more than 95% of the $57 trillion global economy. They have created an online model of the global economy which enables quick analysis of one industry or a group of industries. Its ecompetitors.com.
  • Brian E. Kirby
    A brief, tangential meta-comment: We really need to get a strategy for all this content. I made a similar comment at the NYC meetup last Tuesday, so pardon me for pounding this particular nail again, but between the blogs, mailing list, Twitter, FB and Content Wrangler site, the chances of a particularly insightful nugget getting lost seem to be increasing.

    In the meantime, have to adding this blog to my ever-growing CS iGoogle page.
  • I'm not surprised to see the comments feed become a lively counterpoint to your post, Craig; I’m delighted. It's a strong vote that you're onto something genuinely important: the connection between content and business strategy.

    From where I stand, this gets red-stamped as an important new cornerstone in the thinking we've been trying to advance, which is specifically to elevate the conversation beyond what organizations rightfully regard as micro considerations (meaningful data; better content and methods; richer tools) to the macro: how does my business cope and compete in this (momentarily, at least) Googlecentric content economy?

    In the wake of a curtain-raising 2009, this is the long game for content strategy.

    Unlike yourself, Craig, I didn't go to school for business but I've found myself drawn into it, especially business analysis, by dint of the recurring and specific client problems I’m trying to solve, and of the niche clientele I’m trying to support. They need to level-up and it’s most definitely a footrace of winners and losers chronicled every day in the trades. I have more to say on this front that I’m husbanding for another venue.

    So, why should content strategists care about business strategy? It’s inevitable for many of my fellow practitioners (independents especially) in a way that does not concern all user experience professionals. Glibly put: our work transcends the project spectrum where the vast majority of agency talent builds, and bills upon, its specialist capital. As my colleagues outside client services can easily add, content strategy veers right into the operational life of organizations. It’s not an annual checkup, not a periodic redesign, not an organizational intervention: content strategy scales, fairly seamlessly, from the strategic layer to the everyday hygiene of how your data is structured, published and delivered. Yes, it’s a big tent. We’re making big tents of three-ring circuses. Not a bad day’s (career’s) work.

    Here’s my pitch. Content experts have a place at the product development table--not just, but especially with respect to, editorial products--and for people like myself who see our traditional, core work (advocating for and implementing digital platforms and tools) extending into organizational effectiveness (change mgmt: workflow design, training, recruitment, org realignment), there's an inevitability to us driving sounder and sharper product strategy. The latter gives meaning to the former. Especially in the sector with which you and I are most intimate: publishing. It’s hard not to get all messianic about it when it’s the content that we love that originally drew us here as its advocates. That's the raison d'etre for Predicate.

    This is an area where I’d like to see a lot more commentary and thought. As it is, I only meant to post here, ransom-note-like, a cryptic series of post topics that yours now pretty much incites our community to commence. (Our friend Mr. Alexander excels at that kind of provocation.) But I let my typing get ahead of my writing. Thanks for dropping this gauntlet. The way forward’s looking that much clearer. /rant
  • bromo
    Thanks, Jeff. It is terrific to have this converation, and to tease out all the threads of it with you.

    Couldn't agree more with the idea that CS deserves a seat at the product strategy table, and that publishing, whether of magazines, books or newspapers, is likely to benefit most from it. Will there be a chair labeled "CS" at the table? I don't know. As you say, seems to me, agencies flooded with spec content are the ones hiring content strategists these days, and (per Moritz's tweets), I'm not sure whether content strategists in agencies really do transcend "the project spectrum where agency talent builds and bills."

    But —and here's where my next post—just hit the home button on the left to read it— digs deeper. You're right to connect content strategy with competitive strategy. I do. But innovation—and mark my words, this ultimately is major plumbing—requires much more than traditional CS deliverables or even competitive analysis. It requires innovation at behavioral and organizational levels and a reinvention of what it means to be a brand—either an editorial/media brand or a consumer brand. I don't know if that's what content strategists should be doing, but it's definitely what I'm driving at here: hwo media, technology and innovaton fit together. CS is definitely at that table, but whether it is leading it or not, is probably very firm specific, and most likely to be found in economic models that are content-production heavy and attention light than the other way around.

    Again, see the next post.
  • I had a reply extending my argument that any CS worth her salt delivers solutions that are operationally sound and transcend the life of a campaign or project context, but it got blown away by the failtastic authentication procedure of Disqus. The short form answer is that an agencyside CS may or may not deliver something that is sustainable only because the client and agencyside decisionmakers may not recognize the value of incorporating that time (and the postlaunch value proposition) into the build and bill cycle. If it's not blue sky--and CS best practices can be dead-unsexy, if you ask me--it may not be worth selling.
  • Craig, There's a lot going on here, and I wish this were two separate posts, because I find myself reacting to two distinct aspects.

    The first part, where you present your interpretation of the character of an entire community (which, as you point out, doesn't exactly have a unified character) and then proceed to analyze the legitimacy of (your interpretation of) that character... that part makes me feel kind of uncomfortable. When you say "That’s a good pitch, but I’m not sure how well it holds up." about a pitch that you made up yourself, you have to understand that this sounds like a classic straw man argument.

    Where your post starts to come together, for me, is when you start talking about how content strategy can help sites in this new data-driven world. But, while I think you're on the right track here, you get to the starting gate and announce "We're done!" Googlejuice, SEO and SEM are not the wave of the future when it comes to a data-driven environment - these are stopgaps, a temporary bridge between the old, flat-marketing-messages world and the new digital age where online experiences are driven by social networks, user behavior, and flexible content augmented with semantic metadata.

    You should be thinking about RDF, not XML. Semantic web, not SEO. If the goal is to stay relevant in a data-driven world, it's not going to be achieved by simply having a high Google rank. It's going to require organizing, structuring, tagging and exposing content and data in meaningful ways so that they can be accessed where, when and how the user wants, driving traffic, awareness, stickiness, conversions and loyalty.
  • bromo
    Great comments, Rachel. Love what you wrote in the last graf here. There's no doubt in my mind that that XML production, tagging, Googlejuice, SEO, SEM, etc. are mere babysteps along the long road to semantic publishing. It's good to think about all those juicy semantic technologies, however for the moment my attention is less on technological capability and more on immediate innovation steps.

    In my experience, the firms that are just starting to hire content strategists are donkey years from thinking about the capabilities or technologies of the semantic web much less considering how they need to change production at the level of bit production based on semantic concerns. 90% of the media companies I know don't yet even have end to end distributive XML capabilities. They're still struggling with Interwoven! Just thinking about networked capabilities (much less semantic web capabilities) in the news business is still a debatable and potentially fireable presumption. When there's so much focus on trying to assert the continuance of metanarratives of story and brand, when you're worried about making it to the next day, when your client stream has just dried up—when you don't even have a job:-(—the future of semantic publishing can seem very, very distant.

    Lastly, and somewhat tragically, although the idea of semantic publishing has been around for a long, long time—some say it predates the web if you consider Ted Nelson's Xanadu or Gelertner's lifestreams—it hasn't gotten very far. There is still a whiff of utopianism about it, and at the moment (i.e., the moment when I'm unemployed), the one thing I really can't afford is to be too early:).
  • Ah, well, if we're talking immediate ROI, as opposed to where we should ultimately be heading with all this, then I can see your point. : )

    But I would argue that, while most clients/stakeholders are not ready to jump head first into the future, some of them are closer than you think. Some of them are even asking for content strategy by name. I just want to make sure that we keep pushing things as far as we can.

    I do understand the need for baby steps though. I would love to see more people in publishing who get the notion of data-driven content distribution so that they can put their talents towards innovating in that direction.
  • bromo
    Ah but per Jeff's point below, it's a question of business strategy. In most media companies—heck most companies—the essentials of a p&l are calc'd on the production costs weighted against the potential ROI of the data in sales, advertising, or other rev lines.

    These aren't babysteps. for most firms, it requires a total reinvention and reimagination of the content product and the actual place the brand lives. Does the brand live in its destination or in its connectedness through FB, Gconnect, Digg? Which content types are appropriate to this, which not?

    See for ex what I wrote about Portfolio a few days back—or what I wrote about Barnwell's comments on CS in ScatterGather yesterday following this post. .Portfolio was a totally missed opportunity to understand what a business media brand should be, could even exist in a hypersaturated market of business media—and hyperrich business data. What was needed was, as I say, a taxonomical narrative of the brand. I can tell you for certain that the concept of Googlejuice never entered Joanne Lipman's mind except as a line in a long thumbsucker by say Michael Lewis.

    These questions aren't babyssteps but essential to the core of business model, brand model, content model. Whether CS is the right discipline for examining this though may be a different kind of question. Which brings us back to Moritz's tweets.
  • Not sure I’ve ever been called “brill” before; think I’ll tell my wife she needs to get more creative with her compliments.

    What I wanted to get at with my tweets (http://twitter.com/chrismoritz/status/1526224620 and http://twitter.com/chrismoritz/status/1629863739) was address the “label infers function” issue.

    In a large organization like mine, there are real (read: departments and personnel) differences between activities like “research,” “strategy,” “planning,” “creation,” and “maintenance.” Putting the word “Strategist” in one’s job description infers specific meaning, and expansive interpretations of it lead to a lot of confusion.

    Them: “Wait… if you’re a strategy person, why is 8o% of your time estimate in other activity columns?”
    Me: “…”

    In smaller organizations, I imagine a single person or small team can handle all CS tasks, great and small, subtle and gross. Wonderfully fuzzy and nimble…

    I’m interested in hearing more about “taxonomical narratives” as I’m coming at the C.S. discipline from the path of translating traditional marketing communications into smart medium-specific digital expressions. The part I need to do the most learning on is the semantic element, making a robust enterprise CMS play beautifully like a symphony conductor.

    Hitting again on the strategic / tactical dichotomy with “Content Strategy”, I worry about approaching a project wielding a conducting baton and hearing everyone in the room remark on what a lovely little flute I have.
  • bromo
    Well you most certainly are brilliant Moritz. Doing great work there in the belly of the beast. I've written a bit more today about taxomical narratives—still not entirely fleshed out, but getting there.

    >I worry about approaching a project wielding a conducting baton and hearing everyone in >the room remark on what a lovely little flute I have.

    Great analogy although I'll skip the Freudianism in it:) See what I wrote above to Kristina. Your concern I thnk is legit. CS has been the last to enter the rom and then is often the little flute playing sotto voce in the background. You're not alone in experiencing this.

    However as I wrote to K, this is changing, will continue to change, the more companies give up their control over rigid monological content. The more content and corporate websites—as well as so-called digital custom publishing—becomes a conversation, the more that media products are based on user needs, the faster the changes to content strategy will take place. Like you I look forward to the day when the baton resembles a baton.

    For now, I'd just like to get back in the room, but let's hold off on that for now.:(
  • I enjoyed this post, Craig! Great points from Margot, as well. I'm still deciding where I fall on "big vs little" CS, but I am convinced that CS is a living, ongoing, constant process. To stay competitive in the Googleplex, the content has to stay fresh, so the strategy has to stay constant. Because we are dealing with bits, we might be making very strategic decisions with a very small amount of content.

    I also am thinking that "taxonomical narratives" have interesting implications for content analysis, rhetorical analysis, competitive analysis, and so on. The narrative, or story, emerges from aggregating the bits...

    Christopher M, I can see how CS discussions seem to lack concreteness, but CS is not concrete. So, content strategists use metaphor and analogy to express it. Maybe you can help content strategists express it differently!
  • bromo
    See my post today, Colleen. I was thinking of your comments when I wrote it.
  • I have been doing content strategy for years but I find this indecipherable, probably because I have never identified what I was doing as content strategy. Also: this level of abstraction, rendered in the increasingly-specialized language of content strategy, is beyond me.

    In other words, *I'm* glad *you* know what you're talking about, and as long as I'm making 'content' I hope it's for a place that includes someone who gets this. I think. :)

    Or, to put it another way: my limited and biased memory indicates that CS discussions always seem to be remarkably bereft of concrete examples. Is it possible this is happening because CS thinkers don't tend to be techies, or because the point of CS is to create something with universal applicability? I honestly have no friggin' clue.

    I do appreciate your art vs. bathroom tile analogy. It's amazing how most sites err by having too much of one or the other, instead of the proper mix of both.
  • Chris, the biggest reason you're not seeing us deploy real-work examples is the binding strength of the nondisclosure agreement. Even for those outside agency life there are confidentiality/competitive issues, as a lot of this is considered intellectual property (it is). I've toyed with an article idea around a speculative project and may undertake it when I complete the one in my docket at the moment.

    That said, I make a point of using redacted work samples in all my presentations for this reason. The truth remains, however: there is not yet nearly enough sharing and socializing of our work product around the community. 12 months ago, there wasn't much of a community to provide that incentive.
  • This is a great perspective, Craig--and more fuel to add to the fire. As you point out, Chris Moritz raised some good questions (and much ire) when he asked about the difference between "big CS and little CS". However, I think we collectively miss the point and a larger opportunity when we focus on the divisions within content strategy rather than the gestalt engendered by the diversity it comprises.

    As you said, IAs often do many of the activities of "little CS" and brand strategists often do many of the activities we characterize as "big CS". Rather than focusing on those activities as two discrete sets, and then dismissing them as the purview of other UX specialties, let's seize the opportunity: recent attempts at defining content strategy revel in the merger of "little CS" and "big CS". For the first time, we acknowledge the continuum of activities practiced by a single role, allowing teams to make more of their primary unique asset: intellectual capital documented as content.
  • bromo
    As my grandfather might have said, oi gevalt, gestalt!

    I really appreciate your comments, Seems that we are at a point where the holistic character of CS has to be acknowledged.

    At the same time, so essential for content strategists not to get big heads. Marketers, audience development folks, researchers, corporate strategeists and others who create strategy process and articulate brands already do much of what some CS folks think they should be doing. This may be a manifesto for holism but it is also a recognition that it must be bottom-up, as it were. (Although there's complexity in that too.)
  • Craig, I wanted to respond specifically to your comment here.

    Part of why I love this emerging community is that one thing seems to be universally shared amongst its people: when it comes to better content, they just want to get shit done.

    The conversation that's happening, while it may seem "self-conscious," is important to two audiences, mainly: the people who want to be content strategists, and the people who need content strategy but can't quite put their finger on the why or how of it. What I see is a bunch of practitioners primarily trying to hammer out context and language that will assist with knowledge transfer and building a business case.


    A content strategist is a facilitator, a mediator, a doer. I have yet to meet a CS who isn't happy to collaborate when one of the roles you describe above is actually performed by someone else. BUT, if one of those roles isn't being covered, they'll jump right in.

    The bottom line is that a CS is where the buck will always stop on anything related to content. And this is important, as people have been passing it to each other for too long.
  • bromo
    Hi Kristina: First of all, you rock.

    Second: I appreciate the self-consciousness of this awakening. It reminds me of the stirrings of the nouvelle vague—people who were critics and artists at the same time, struggling with self-definition. That's the kind of permanent revolution I can sign up for.

    Third: I wanted to send you a virtual martini to encourage your bookwriting but you're not following me:(

    Finally, I think it's true that CS is where the buck often stops on anything related to content. However, the economics of content production relative to that of marketing are such—attention being cheaper to obtain than high production values—that content is still often relegated to second place status, even among creative professionals. (Btw, the economics of this are actual, and in my next post, the link to Umair Haque's dek on economics of new media shows this in great detail.) Umair, for one believes that the plasticity of microchunking and remixing in what we call web 2.0 will create a moment when the economics of media favor content productoion over attention—i.e., marketing.

    When that day comes, you may be sure, that the buck really will be stopping with content production (including what are now called content strategists.)
  • A-Great writing.
    B-You nailed it.
    C-Because of B and A, I will just go ahead and delete the blog post I was working on.
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